“自拍偷拍” ChatGPT击败了50名东谈主类医师
近日“自拍偷拍”，斯坦福大学询查东谈主员利用ChatGPT进行了一项医疗会诊询查激勉关怀。
🤔️小功课：
1. Based on the passage, which of the following best captures the primary goal of the study?
A) To compare A.I. and human diagnostic skills under real-world conditions.
B) To demonstrate the limitations of traditional medical education.
C) To train doctors to become more proficient with A.I. tools.
D) To validate the effectiveness of A.I. in rare medical case scenarios.
2. What does the passage suggest about the doctors' interaction with ChatGPT-4 during the study?
A) Doctors effectively utilized ChatGPT-4's full diagnostic capabilities.
B) Many doctors struggled to fully integrate ChatGPT-4's insights into their decision-making.
C) The study showed that doctors were better at diagnostics without any A.I. assistance.
D) ChatGPT-4's recommendations often conflicted with the doctors' established methods.
无遏制原文：
A.I. Chatbots Defeated Doctors at Diagnosing Illness
From: The New York Times
Dr. Adam Rodman, an expert in internal medicine at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, confidently expected that chatbots built to use artificial intelligence would help doctors diagnose illnesses.
He was wrong.
Instead, in a study Dr. Rodman helped design, doctors who were given ChatGPT-4 along with conventional resources did only slightly better than doctors who did not have access to the bot. And, to the researchers' surprise, ChatGPT alone outperformed the doctors.
“I was shocked,” Dr. Rodman said.
The chatbot, from the company OpenAI, scored an average of 90 percent when diagnosing a medical condition from a case report and explaining its reasoning. Doctors randomly assigned to use the chatbot got an average score of 76 percent. Those randomly assigned not to use it had an average score of 74 percent.
The study showed more than just the chatbot's superior performance.
It unveiled doctors' sometimes unwavering belief in a diagnosis they made, even when a chatbot potentially suggests a better one.
And the study illustrated that while doctors are being exposed to the tools of artificial intelligence for their work, few know how to exploit the abilities of chatbots. As a result, they failed to take advantage of A.I. systems' ability to solve complex diagnostic problems and offer explanations for their diagnoses.
A.I. systems should be “doctor extenders,” Dr. Rodman said, offering valuable second opinions on diagnoses.
But it looks as if there is a way to go before that potential is realized.
The experiment involved 50 doctors, a mix of residents and attending physicians recruited through a few large American hospital systems, and was published last month in the journal JAMA Network Open.
The test subjects were given six case histories and were graded on their ability to suggest diagnoses and explain why they favored or ruled them out. Their grades also included getting the final diagnosis right.
The graders were medical experts who saw only the participants' answers, without knowing whether they were from a doctor with ChatGPT, a doctor without it or from ChatGPT by itself.
The case histories used in the study were based on real patients and are part of a set of 105 cases that has been used by researchers since the 1990s. The cases intentionally have never been published so that medical students and others could be tested on them without any foreknowledge. That also meant that ChatGPT could not have been trained on them.
Participants were asked for three possible diagnoses, with supporting evidence for each. They also were asked to provide, for each possible diagnosis, findings that do not support it or that were expected but not present.
The participants also were asked to provide a final diagnosis.
The diagnoses for the cases in the study were not easy to figure out. But neither were they so rare as to be almost unheard-of. Yet the doctors on average did worse than the chatbot.
- ◆ -
注：圆善题目见本文开头；中语文本为机器翻译并非逐个双应，仅供参考
含遏制全文：
A.I. Chatbots Defeated Doctors at Diagnosing Illness
From: The New York Times
Dr. Adam Rodman, an expert ininternal medicineat Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, confidently expected that chatbots built to use artificial intelligence would help doctorsdiagnoseillnesses.
波士顿贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心（Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center）内科群众亚当·罗德曼（Adam Rodman）医师曾确信，利用东谈主工智能打造的聊天机器东谈主能匡助医师会诊疾病。
internal medicine
internal medicine /ɪnˌtɜː.nəl ˈmed.ɪ.sən/ 示意“内科（学）”，英文阐述为“the part of medical science that is involved in the discovery of diseases inside the body and the treatment of them without cutting the body open”
diagnose
diagnose /ˈdaɪəɡˌnəʊz/ 示意“会诊（病症）；查出（问题）”“自拍偷拍”，英文阐述为“to recognize and name the exact character of a disease or a problem, by examining it”举个🌰：She was diagnosed with/as having diabetes. 她被查出患有糖尿病。The electrician has diagnosed a fault in the wiring. 电工查出了一处明白故障。
📍不错看出，除了指查出病症，也不错指查出故障粗略问题。名词模式：diagnosis /ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/
He was wrong.
但他错了。
Instead, in a study Dr. Rodman helped design, doctors who were given ChatGPT-4 along withconventionalresources did only slightly better than doctors who did not have access to the bot. And, to the researchers' surprise, ChatGPT aloneoutperformedthe doctors.
违犯，在罗德曼医师参与瞎想的一项询查中，互助ChatGPT-4与传统资源使用的医师，会诊效果仅比未使用该机器东谈主援救的医师阐发稍好。而让询查东谈主员感到讶异的是，单独依赖ChatGPT的阐发反而卓绝了医师。
conventional
conventional /kənˈven.ʃən.əl/ 示意“传统的；旧例的；等闲的”，英文阐述为“traditional and ordinary”如：conventional behaviour 传统举止，conventional clothes 传统服装。
outperform
outperform /ˌaʊt.pəˈfɔːm/ 示意“提升，胜过；比…作念得好”，英文阐述为“to do well in a particular job or activity compared to others of a similar type”举个🌰：The company has consistently outperformed its rivals this season. 这一季，这家公司的阐发一直优于竞争敌手。
“I was shocked,” Dr. Rodman said.
“我很震悚，”罗德曼医师说谈。
The chatbot, from the company OpenAI, scored an average of 90 percent when diagnosing a medical condition from a case report and explaining its reasoning. Doctorsrandomlyassigned to use the chatbot got an average score of 76 percent. Those randomly assigned not to use it had an average score of 74 percent.
这款由OpenAI公司研发的聊天机器东谈主，在证据病例答复进行疾病会诊并阐述推理历程的平均得分达到90%。当场分派使用聊天机器东谈主的医师平均得分为76%。当场分派不使用聊天机器东谈主的医师平均得分为74%。
randomly
randomly /ˈræn.dəm.li/ 示意“当场的；轻易的”，英文阐述为“in a way that is unexpected or does not seem to have any reason or cause”举个🌰：He just randomly shouts stuff. 他只是应酬地喊着什么。
The study showed more than just the chatbot's superior performance.
这项询查揭示的不单是是聊天机器东谈主优于医师的阐发。
Itunveileddoctors' sometimesunwaveringbelief in a diagnosis they made, even when a chatbot potentially suggests a better one.
询查还标明，医师在会诊通同样固守我方的判断，即使聊天机器东谈主可能提供了更为准确的会诊建议。
unveil
unveil /ʌnˈveɪl/ 1）示意“ 为…揭幕；揭开…上的遮蔽物；拉开…的帷幔”，英文阐述为“to remove a cover or curtain from a painting, statue, etc. so that it can be seen in public for the first time”举个🌰：She unveiled a plaque to mark the official opening of the hospital. 她主合手揭幕式，璀璨着病院矜重启用。
2）示意“（初度）展示，先容，推出；将…公之世人”，英文阐述为“to show or introduce a new plan, product, etc. to the public for the first time”举个🌰：They will be unveiling their new models at the Motor Show. 他们将在汽车大展上初度推出我方的新式汽车。
🎬电影《复仇者定约1》（The Avengers）中的台词提到：We look beyond the Earth to the greater worlds the Tesseract will unveil. 而咱们则放眼地球除外 那些将被天地魔方开启的更坚强的天下。
🎬电影《超东谈主高校》（Sky High）中的台词提到：We can't unveil the Stronghold Three without Will. 咱们不可在威尔（Will）不在场时 向公共先容斯特朗霍德三侠（Stronghold Three）。
📍词根“-veil”示意"面纱"，前缀“un-”示意“不”。联念念宫殿：在宫殿的一个房间，你看到一个被面纱遮蔽的新址品行将被“揭露”。近义词：reveal（揭示） 同根词：veil（面纱），常用短语：unveil a plan（公布策画）
unwavering
unwavering /ʌnˈweɪ.vər.ɪŋ/ 示意“从不动摇的；从不变弱的”，英文阐述为“never changing or becoming weaker”举个🌰：Her belief in the project has been unwavering. 她对这一技俩的信心从未动摇。
📍词源和词根：这个词由"un-"和"waver"构成，"un-"是含糊前缀，"waver"来自古英语"wæfre"，意为"不踏实的"。派生词：unwaveringly 常用短语：unwavering support 执意的撑合手。
And the studyillustratedthat while doctors are being exposed to the tools of artificial intelligence for their work, few know how toexploitthe abilities of chatbots. As a result, they failed to take advantage of A.I. systems' ability to solve complex diagnostic problems and offer explanations for their diagnoses.
询查进一步裸露，天然医师们在使命中战役到了东谈主工智能器具，但很少有东谈主知谈怎样利用这些器具的上风。因此，他们未能灵验利用东谈主工智能系统在复杂会诊上的上风，也错失了东谈主工智能在阐述会诊效果方面的匡助。
illustrate
illustrate /ˈɪl.ə.streɪt/ 示意“（尤指用例子）证明，陈诉”，英文阐述为“to show the meaning or truth of something more clearly, especially by giving examples”举个🌰：The lecturer illustrated his point with a diagram on the blackboard. 讲师在黑板上用图表来证明我方的不雅点。
exploit
exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ 1）示意“利用；克扣（…为我方营利）”，英文阐述为“to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself”举个🌰：He exploited his father's name to get himself a job. 他利用他父亲的名声为我方找到一份使命。
2）示意“诞生，利用；利用；阐述”，英文阐述为“to use sth well in order to gain as much from it as possible”举个🌰：She fully exploits the humour of her role in the play. 她在剧中把她阿谁变装的幽默阐述得大书特书。
🎬电影《惊天魔盗团》（Now You See Me）中的台词提到：What I hate is people who exploit other people. 我只是歧视那些利用别东谈主的东谈主。
作名词，示意“不寻常的举止；大胆的举止；奇遇”，英文阐述为“something unusual, brave, or funny that someone has done”举个🌰：She was telling me about her exploits while travelling around Africa. 她跟我讲述了她在非洲各地旅游时的奇遇。
A.I. systems should be “doctor extenders,” Dr. Rodman said, offering valuable second opinions on diagnoses.
罗德曼医师示意，东谈主工智能系统应该成为“医师助手”，提供有价值的非常会诊认识。
But it looks as if there is a way to go before that potential is realized.
但似乎这个主见的收尾还有很长的路要走。
The experiment involved 50 doctors, a mix ofresidentsandattending physiciansrecruited through a few large American hospital systems, and was published last month in the journal JAMA Network Open.
该询查共招募了50位医师参与者，他们来自几家好意思国大型病院系统，包括入院医师和主治医师。询查效果已在上月的《JAMA Network Open》期刊上发表。
resident
探花眼镜resident /ˈrez.ɪ.dənt/ 示意“居民；居民”，英文阐述为“a person who lives or has their home in a place”如：a resident of the UK/Australia 英国/澳大利亚居民，还不错示意“（好意思国的）高等专业入院实习医师；入院医师”，英文阐述为“a doctor who is still training, and who works in a hospital”
attending physician
attending physician主治医师，是完成统统医学培训并赢得认证的医师，具备独处养息患者的阅历和职守。
The test subjects were given six case histories and were graded on their ability to suggest diagnoses and explain why they favored orruled them out. Their grades also included getting the final diagnosis right.
询查中，每位参与者皆需要分析六个病例，并证据他们会诊的准确性以及阐述为何撑合手或排斥某些会诊进行评分，最终会诊的正确性亦然评分的病笃依据。
rule sth/sb out
rule sth/sb out 1）示意“把…排斥在外；拒绝商量”，英文阐述为“to decide or say officially that something is impossible or will not happen, or that something or someone is not suitable”举个🌰：The police haven't yet ruled out murder. 侦探尚未排斥谋杀的可能性。
2）示意“使…成为不可能，使…不可能发生；防御”，英文阐述为“to prevent something from happening”举个🌰：This recent wave of terrorism has ruled out any chance of peace talks. 最近的这一波恐怖举止依然使得任何息兵的契机皆烟消火灭。
The graders were medical experts who saw only the participants' answers, without knowing whether they were from a doctor with ChatGPT, a doctor without it or from ChatGPT by itself.
评分由医学群众完成，他们只看到参与者的谜底，而不知谈这些谜底是来自于使用ChatGPT的医师、莫得使用ChatGPT的医师，如故ChatGPT本人。
The case histories used in the study were based on real patients and are part of a set of 105 cases that has been used by researchers since the 1990s. The cases intentionally have never been published so that medical students and others could be tested on them without anyforeknowledge. That also meant that ChatGPT could not have been trained on them.
询查中所用的病例均是信得过患者病例，源于20世纪90年代以来一直被询查东谈主员使用的105个病例集。为了保证参与者对病例履行毫无先见，这些病例永久未对外公开，这也确保了ChatGPT在检会时未触及这些履行。
foreknowledge
foreknowledge /fɔːˈnɒl.ɪdʒ/ 示意“先见，事前知谈”，英文阐述为“knowledge of an event before it happens”
Participants were asked for three possible diagnoses, with supporting evidence for each. They also were asked to provide, for each possible diagnosis, findings that do not support it or that were expected but not present.
参与者需建议三种可能的会诊，并给出每种会诊的依据。关于每种可能的会诊，他们还需要提供不撑合手该会诊或预期存在但未出现的症状。
The participants also were asked to provide a final diagnosis.
参与者还需给出最终会诊效果。
The diagnoses for the cases in the study were not easy to figure out. But neither were they so rare as to be almostunheard-of. Yet the doctors on average did worse than the chatbot.
这些病例的会诊难度不小，但也并非稀零的暴戾病。尽管如斯，医师的举座阐发仍逊色于聊天机器东谈主。
unheard-of
unheard-of /ʌnˈhɜːd.ɒv/ 示意“令东谈主震悚的；前所未闻的，空前的”，英文阐述为“surprising or shocking because not known about or previously experienced”举个🌰：It was unheard-of for an unmarried couple to live together. 光棍同居，这在当年是比比皆是的事。
- 词汇清点 -
internal medicine、 diagnose、 conventional、 outperform、 randomly、 unveil、 unwavering、 illustrate、 exploit、 resident、 attending physician、 rule sth/sb out、 foreknowledge、 unheard-of
- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -
The attending physician in internal medicine diagnosed an unheard-of condition, ruling out conventional methods. Randomly exploiting foreknowledge, the resident unveiled an unconventional treatment that outperformed expectations, illustrating unwavering skill.
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